Area of freshwater use

Freshwater area is used for the activity. Examples of metrics include area of wetland, ponds, lakes, streams, rivers or peatland necessary to provide ecosystem services such as water purification, fish spawning, areas of infrastructure necessary to use rivers and lakes such as bridges, dams, and flood barriers, etc. Impacts include hydrological changes, freshwater geomorphology and fluvial processes.

Likely response	Effect of variability on services provision	Human action or natural variation	Timescale	Spatial Characteristics
			Short - Long term	Regional to global - impacts can affect downstream countries
			Short - Long term	Local to regional - land use change may have local and more wide ranging effects
			Long term	Local to regional - the areas where droughts occur
			Short - Long term	Local to regional - surface water abstraction could lead to impacts in downstream regions

Likely response	Effect of variability on services provision	Human action or natural variation	Timescale	Spatial Characteristics
			Short - Long term	Local to regional - impacts could be in the area of use or further up or downstream
			Short - Long term	Local to regional - impacts could be in the area of use or further up or downstream

Likely response	Effect of variability on services provision	Human action or natural variation	Timescale	Spatial Characteristics
			Short - Long term	Local to regional - impacts can vary depending on the extent of the mining area
			Short - Long term	Local - areas where human activity takes place will be most impacted

Likely response	Effect of variability on services provision	Human action or natural variation	Timescale	Spatial Characteristics
			Short - Long term	Local - areas with local pollutant inputs can be impacted
			Short - Long term	Local - impacts can be observed where certain species depend on certain habitat conditions
			Short - Long term	Local - specific species that are selectively used can impact other species population

Likely response	Effect of variability on services provision	Human action or natural variation	Timescale	Spatial Characteristics
			Short - Long term	Local to regional - impacts could be in the area of use or further up or downstream
			Short - Long term	Local to regional - impacts can favour certain species that can inhabit urban infrastructure
			Short - Long term	Local to regional - impacts can vary depending on the extent of the mining area
			Short - Long term	Local - impacts can negatively affect local habitat structure
			Long term	Local to global - climate is changing on a global level but some local-scale habitats are more resilient or more susceptible to change than others
			Mid - Long term	Regional - impacts affect large regions
			Short - Mid term	Local - areas no longer fit for purpose can be permanently impacted
			Short - Long term	Local - areas where invasive species occur can be impacted
			Short - Long term	Local to regional - impacts can affect species population and habitats
			Short - Long term	Local to regional - impacts have altered local- to regional-level ecosystem properties thrus affecting various functions
			Mid - Long term	Local to regional - areas with water abstraction, as well as areas in downstream regions, could be impacted

Area of freshwater use

Mechanisms of change in state:

Natural capital:

Atmosphere

Structural and biotic integrity

Water

Natural capital:

Soils and sediments

Species

Structural and biotic integrity

Water

Natural capital:

Land geomorphology

Minerals

Ocean geomorphology

Soils and sediments

Species

Structural and biotic integrity

Natural capital:

Species

Natural capital:

Atmosphere

Species

Natural capital:

Land geomorphology

Structural and biotic integrity

Likely response	Effect of variability on services provision	Human action or natural variation	Timescale	Spatial Characteristics
			Short - Long term	Local to regional – impacts could be in the area of the fish farm or further downstream
			Mid - Long term	Local - areas where terrestrial ecosystems are being used will be most impacted
			Short - Long term	Local to regional - diseases can be spread to wider regions through populations of infected species.
			Short - Long term	Local to global - impacts on species can be observed ranging from local to global level
			Short - Long term	Local - areas where disease afflicted-species reside can be impacted
			Short term	Local to regional - areas where invasive species occur can impact the local species

Likely response	Effect of variability on services provision	Human action or natural variation	Timescale	Spatial Characteristics
			Mid - Long term	Local - impacts can have local cooling and warming atmospheric effect
			Long term	Local to global - climate is changing on a global level, with some regions experiencing more rapid and/or intensive changes in weather than others
			Short - Long term	Regional to global - impacts are mostly observed at large regional levels but can also be global

Likely response	Effect of variability on services provision	Human action or natural variation	Timescale	Spatial Characteristics
			Mid - Long term	Local - impacts can negatively affect migratory species
			Short - Long term	Local to regional - impacts can be local but also further downstream.