Important for the following ecosystem services:
Animal-based energy
Physical labour is provided by domesticated or commercial species, including oxen, horses, donkeys, goats and elephants. These can be grouped as draught animals, pack animals and mounts.
Materiality rating(s):
Bio-remediation
Bio-remediation is a natural process whereby living organisms such as micro-organisms, plants, algae, and some animals degrade, reduce, and/or detoxify contaminants.
Materiality rating(s):
Disease control
Ecosystems play important roles in regulation of diseases for human populations as well as for wild and domesticated flora and fauna.
Materiality rating(s):
Filtration
Filtering, sequestering, storing, and accumulating pollutants is carried out by a range of organisms including, algae, animals, microorganisms and vascular and non-vascular plants.
Materiality rating(s):
Genetic materials
Genetic material is understood to be deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and all biota including plants, animals and algae.
Materiality rating(s):
Influenced by the following drivers of environmental change:
Diseases
Harmful pathogens and microbes that are originally found within the ecosystem(s) in question, but...
Intensive agriculture and aquaculture
Threats from farming and ranching as a result of agricultural expansion and intensification,...
Ocean acidification
Changes to the ocean chemistry which occurs when carbon dioxide is absorbed from the atmosphere and...
Sea surface temperature
Periods in which sea surface temperatures exceed or go below the normal range of variation.
Earthquakes
Earthquakes manifest themselves by shaking and displacing or disrupting the ground. They may also...
Invasive species
Harmful plants, animals, pathogens and other microbes not originally found within the ecosystem(s)...
Overfishing
The harvesting of aquatic wild animals or plants at a rate that is greater than their capacity for...
Overharvesting
The harvesting of plants, fungi, trees and other woody vegetation, and other non-timber/non-animal...
Overhunting
The killing or trapping terrestrial wild animals or animal products at a rate that is greater than...